Chitoliro cha UHMWPE
Chitoliro cha UHMWPE:
Chitoliro cha polyethylene cholemera kwambiri (UHIMW-PE) ndi mtundu watsopano wa chitoliro cha pulasitiki chomwe sichimawonongeka, sichimakhudzidwa ndi kugunda, sichimazizira, sichimayamwa madzi komanso chimadzipaka mafuta okha, choncho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana:
1. Kutumiza mafuta kutali: chifukwa cha dzimbiri la nthaka yolimba ya asidi, madzi a m'nyanja ndi madzi amchere achilengedwe kuzungulira malo osungira mafuta, komanso kulowa kwa mafuta okhala ndi sulfure mkati, nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mapaipi achitsulo nthawi zambiri imakhala miyezi yochepa chabe, ndipo mafuta ambiri osakonzedwa amakhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kunyamula panthawi yoyendera. Kuyika mafuta, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, mapaipi amafunika kukhala ndi makina otenthetsera ndi chotenthetsera kutentha, ndipo zimatha kusintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a mapaipi ndi nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mapaipi.
2. Chitoliro chodzaza ndi grouting: kutsika kwa pamwamba ndi ming'alu yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha migodi ya pansi pa nthaka imafuna kudzaza madzi ndi grouting, kuboola pansi, kulimbitsa grouting mwamphamvu, kudzaza malo olekanitsa, kuchepetsa ndi kuwongolera liwiro la kutsika kwa pamwamba, Kugwiritsa ntchito chitoliro chophatikizana kungathandize kukonza bwino kayendedwe ka zinthu komanso phindu la polojekitiyi pazachuma.
3. Makampani opanga mankhwala: mayendedwe a zinthu zowononga kwambiri monga asidi wamphamvu ndi alkali, mayendedwe a madzi amchere, mchere wosungunuka ndi mchere wosaphika m'makampani opanga mankhwala amchere.
4. Ntchito zokumba: ntchito zokumba monga mitsinje, mitsinje, nyanja, madoko, madoko ndi ntchito zina zokumba kuti zinyamule zinyalala.
5. Uinjiniya wa nyanja: mayendedwe a madzi a m'nyanja pochotsa mchere m'madzi a m'nyanja.
6. Uinjiniya wa boma: kukonza zimbudzi, kupereka madzi m'nyumba ndi kutumiza gasi ndi gasi wachilengedwe.
7. Zigawo zosiyanasiyana za makina: mapaipi a polyethylene (UHMW-PE) okhala ndi ma molecular weight ultra-high amatha kusinthidwa kukhala ma bearing bushes, sliding bearing, bushings, rollers, gaskets, ndi zina zotero zomwe sizili zosavuta kuvala, kusintha zigawo zoyambirira zachitsulo, kuchepetsa ndalama ndikukweza moyo.
8. Kutumiza tirigu: kwaukhondo, kopanda poizoni, konyamula mofulumira kwambiri, kosatsekeka, kosatha, komanso kotsika mtengo. Mafotokozedwe a chitoliro cha polyethylene (UHMW-PE) chokhala ndi molekyulu yambiri komanso kuthamanga kwa ntchito zitha kupangidwa malinga ndi zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito.
Chitoliro cha UHMWPE cholumikizira zitsime cha mafuta ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi alloy chomwe chimachokera ku polima ya molekyulu yokhala ndi mamolekyulu ambiri, yomwe imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kuvulala, kukana kugwedezeka, kukana bwino kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe, kudzipaka mafuta bwino, kukana kumatira, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala abwino komanso zinthu zina zabwino kwambiri. Chitoliro chotsutsana ndi kuphulika chomwe chili ndi polyethylene yolemera kwambiri ya molekyulu chingachepetse kwambiri kuwonongeka kwa ndodo yonyowa ndi khoma lamkati la chubu, kuonjezera kukana kwa kuvulala kwa chubu ndi ndodo komanso magwiridwe antchito oletsa dzimbiri mkati mwa chubu, kuchepetsa kwambiri kulephera kwa downboock, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yowunikira pampu ndi chubu, moyo wa ntchito ya ndodo ya Sucker.
Mfundo yogwirira ntchito:
(1) Choyikapo mafuta cha UHMWPE chimadalira mfundo yowongolera ndodo yonyowa kuti chitsimikizidwe kuti ndodo yonyowa yachotsedwa mu chitoliro cha mafuta popanda kukhudzidwa. Ukadaulo uwu umaphatikizapo makamaka: ndodo yonyowa ya nayiloni, cholumikizira cha ndodo yonyowa ndi zina zotero.
(2) Chitoliro cha mafuta cha polyethylene cholemera kwambiri chimatsimikizira kuti chitoliro cha mafuta ndi ndodo yothira mafuta zimagwira ntchito mofanana malinga ndi mfundo yozungulira. Ukadaulo uwu umaphatikizapo makamaka: ukadaulo wa chubu chozungulira ndi ndodo yothira mafuta. Mutu wa chitoliro chozungulira umayikidwa panthawi yogwira ntchito, ndipo chitoliro cha mafuta chikapangidwa bwino, kusintha kwa pamwamba pa ndodo ndi chitoliro kumatsimikiziridwa pozungulira chingwe cha chitoliro cha mafuta, potero kukulitsa moyo wa ntchito ya ndodo ya chitoliro.
(3) Chitoliro cha mafuta cha polyethylene cholemera kwambiri chomwe chimateteza kuti chitoliro cha mafuta ndi ndodo yothira mafuta zikhale zotambasuka motsatira mfundo yotambasula, ndipo zimachepetsa kutopa kwa ndodo ya chitoliro chifukwa cha kugwedezeka ndi kusakhazikika. Makamaka zimaphatikizapo: ukadaulo womangirira chitoliro cha mafuta, gawo lotsika la ukadaulo wolemera chitoliro cha mafuta ndi ukadaulo wopopera mafuta wa hydraulic feedback pump.
(4) Ukadaulo woletsa kuvala wa chitsime cha mafuta cha polyethylene cholemera kwambiri. Ndodo yoletsa kuvala imapangidwa ndi ndodo yopukutidwa yoletsa kuvala, chikwama choletsa kuvala ndi cholumikizira choletsa kupinda. Pamwamba pa ndodo yoletsa kuvala ndi pansi komanso yokutidwa ndi chrome, ndipo chikwama choletsa kuvala ndi chikwama chosalala chachitsulo chokhala ndi nayiloni yolimbikitsidwa 66. Chifukwa cha njira yochepetsera kukoka pakati pa ndodo yopukutidwa ndi chikwama choletsa kuvala, kuchuluka kwa kutsutsana ndi kochepa kwambiri, kotero chikwama choletsa kuvala chimakhazikika mu chitoliro cha mafuta, ndipo ndodo yoletsa kuvala imatsetsereka mmwamba ndi pansi mu chikwama choletsa kuvala kuti chingwe cha chitsulo chisakhudze chitoliro cha mafuta, kotero kuti kukangana ndi kuvala kwa ndodo yoletsa kuvala ndi chitoliro cha mafuta zisandulike kukhala kukangana ndi kuvala kwa chitoliro choletsa kuvala. Kukana kochepa pakati pa ndodo yoletsa kuvala ndi chikwama choletsa kuvala kumapangitsa kuti chitsulocho chisawonongeke ndipo chimakwaniritsa cholinga choletsa kuvala kwapadera kwa chubu cha ndodo.
Zinthu Zogulitsa:
1. Choyikapo mafuta m'chitsime chimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimba yotha kuphwanyika:
Kulemera kwa mamolekyu a chitoliro cha polyethylene cholemera kwambiri cha mamolekyu ndi kokwera kufika pa 2 miliyoni kapena kuposerapo, ndipo chizindikiro cha kutha kwa matope ndi chochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale ndi mphamvu yayikulu yolimbana ndi kutsetsereka kwa matope. Kutha kwa matope ndi kokwera nthawi 6.6 kuposa chitsulo wamba cha alloy ndi nthawi 27.3 kuposa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri. Ndi kokwera nthawi 17.9 kuposa phenolic resin, kokwera nthawi 6 kuposa nayiloni 6 ndi nthawi 4 kuposa polyethylene, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ya payipiyo ikhale yabwino kwambiri.
2. Choyikapo mafuta cha UHMWPE chili ndi mphamvu yolimba:
Pakati pa mapulasitiki omwe alipo kale, mphamvu ya kulimba kwa mapaipi olemera kwambiri a molekyulu ndi yokwera kwambiri, ndipo zinthu zambiri zimasweka, kusweka, kusweka kapena kutopa pamwamba pa zinthu chifukwa cha kuphulika kwakukulu kapena mobwerezabwereza. Malinga ndi muyezo wa GB1843, chinthuchi chimayesedwa kuti chisawonongeke, ndipo chimatha kupirira kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwakunja, kupitirira muyeso kwamkati, komanso kusinthasintha kwa kuthamanga kwa mpweya.
3. Chophimba mafuta cha UHMWPE chili ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri:
UHMW-PE ndi kapangidwe ka gulu la mamolekyulu okhuta, kotero kukhazikika kwake kwa mankhwala kumakhala kwakukulu. Sikunawonongeke. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu hydrochloric acid yokhazikika yokhala ndi kuchuluka kochepera 80%, ndipo imakhala yokhazikika kwambiri mu sulfuric acid yokhala ndi kuchuluka kochepera 75% ndi nitric acid yokhala ndi kuchuluka kochepera 20%.
4. Choyika mafuta cha UHMWPE chili ndi mafuta odzipaka okha:
Chifukwa chitoliro cha UHMWPE chili ndi zinthu ngati sera, ndipo mafuta odzipaka okha ndi abwino kwambiri. Chiŵerengero cha friction coefficient (196N, maola awiri) ndi 0.219MN/m (GB3960) chokha. Kuthamanga kwa self-sliding kuli bwino kuposa chitsulo chodzozedwa ndi mafuta kapena mkuwa. Makamaka m'malo okhala ndi malo ovuta, fumbi ndi matope, mphamvu ya kupaka mafuta youma ya chinthuchi imawonetsedwa bwino. Sikuti imangoyenda momasuka, komanso imateteza zida zogwirira ntchito zina kuti zisawonongeke kapena kupsinjika.
5. Choyikapo mafuta cha UHMWPE chili ndi mphamvu yapadera yolimbana ndi kutentha kochepa:
Chitoliro cha polyethylene cholemera kwambiri cha molekyulu chili ndi kukana kutentha kochepa kwambiri, ndipo kukana kwake kugwedezeka ndi kukana kutopa sikunasinthe pa madigiri Celsius 269. Pakadali pano ndi pulasitiki yokhayo yopangidwa ndi uinjiniya yomwe ingagwire ntchito kutentha kofanana ndi zero. Nthawi yomweyo, chitoliro cha polyethylene cholemera kwambiri cha molekyulu chili ndi kusinthasintha kutentha kwakukulu ndipo chingagwire ntchito kutentha kwa -269°C mpaka 80°C kwa nthawi yayitali.
6. Choyikapo mafuta cha UHMWPE sichophweka kuchikulitsa:
Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake kwa friction coefficient komanso kusasinthasintha, mapaipi a UHMWPE ali ndi malo abwino osamatirira pamwamba komanso chitoliro chapamwamba. Zipangizo zomwe zilipo nthawi zambiri zimakula mu sing'anga ndi pH ya 9 kapena kuposerapo, koma chitoliro cha polyethylene cholemera kwambiri sichikula. Ndi choyeneranso kwambiri pamapaipi monga mafuta osakonzedwa ndi matope.
7. Choyika mafuta cha UHMWPE chimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito:
Mapaipi a UHMWPE ali ndi majini ochepa osakhuta mu unyolo wa mamolekyulu, kukana kutopa kopitilira nthawi 500,000, kukana bwino kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe, kukana kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe >4000h, kupitirira kawiri kuposa PE100, kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'manda kwa zaka pafupifupi 50, kumathabe kusunga zoposa 70% ya mphamvu zamakanika.
8. Choyikapo mafuta cha UHMWPE chili chosavuta kuyika:
Utali wa chitoliro cha mapaipi a polyethylene wolemera kwambiri (UHMW-PE) ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi atatu okha a kulemera kwa chitoliro chachitsulo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kunyamula, kutsitsa, kunyamula ndi kukhazikitsa zikhale zosavuta, ndipo zitha kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ogwira ntchito. Chitoliro cha UHMW-PE chimaletsa kukalamba. Chigoba champhamvu, sichimakalamba mosavuta patatha zaka 50. Chikhoza kuyikidwa pamwamba pa nthaka kapena kukwiriridwa pansi pa nthaka. Kaya chalumikizidwa kapena kulumikizidwa panthawi yoyika, ndi chotetezeka, chodalirika, chachangu komanso chosavuta, chopanda dzimbiri, chopulumutsa ntchito, komanso chopulumutsa ntchito, zomwe zikuwonetsa bwino ubwino wa "kusunga mphamvu, kuteteza chilengedwe, ndalama komanso kogwira mtima" wogwiritsa ntchito mapaipi a UHMWPE.
9. Makhalidwe ena a choyika mafuta cha UHMWPE:
Mapaipi a UHMWPE alinso ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri monga kuyamwa mphamvu, kuyamwa phokoso, kukana kusinthasintha, kuthekera koteteza ma elekitironi, kusayamwa, mphamvu yokoka ya kuwala, kusinthasintha kosavuta, komanso utoto.
Kukula kwa ntchito:
1. Zitsime zopangira mafuta: Ndi zoyenera zitsime zamafuta zomwe zimawonongeka pang'ono, zimachotsedwa sera, zimawonongeka kwambiri, ndodo zokoka mafuta zimalephera kugwira ntchito komanso mapaipi amafuta amakula.
2. Chitsime chothira madzi: choyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zitsime zothira madzi zomwe zili ndi dzimbiri komanso kukula kwakukulu.
3. Chitoliro chotumizira: Chitoliro chakale cha mafuta chomwe chili ndi dzimbiri lalikulu komanso kuwonongeka pang'ono komwe sikuli koyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitoliro cha mafuta pambuyo pa kuyikapo.
4. Zitsime za gasi zowononga: zoyenera zitsime za gasi zomwe zawonongeka ndi mpweya wa H2S ndi CO2.
5. Zitsime zamafuta za m'mphepete mwa nyanja: Kukhala ndi moyo wautali kungachepetse mtengo wopanga mafuta a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
